The capital of the republic - the city of Dushanbe is located in the Gissar valley.
Among the capitals of the Central Asian republics, Dushanbe is a young city. At the beginning of the last century, three nondescript, dirty villages were located on its territory. The largest of them was called Dushanbe, which means "Monday". It was named so because the bazaar gathered here on this day of the week. Merchants who came here stopped in the neighboring villages of Shahmansur and Sary-Assia. On the site of these three villages, the capital of Tajikistan grew up. In 1925, the city approved something that had not yet been. Only a year later, the first enterprise appeared here, but new buildings were already appearing everywhere, and very soon the villages that were here were dissolved in the greenery of the new city under construction. The capital was built quickly, mainly by people who came here. In 1939, there were 83 thousand inhabitants of many nationalities in the city,
National Mezey them. Behzod in Dushanbe Dushanbe is not only the capital, but also the most significant industrial, scientific and cultural center of the republic.
Along with the growth of industry, science, education, and art developed. The capital Dushanbe is a city of students, a city of youth.
There are many specialized secondary schools in Dushanbe. The Tajik Academy of Sciences is located in the capital. It has come a long scientific and organizational path (since 1932 it has been a base of the USSR Academy of Sciences, since 1941 it has been a branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences and since 1951 it has been an academy). The Academy of Sciences brings together dozens of research institutions and laboratories, concentrated in five departments. History, economics and literature, zoology and geology, botany and chemistry, seismology and astrophysics - these are the branches of science in which local scientists work. The studies of Tajik astronomers in the field of meteor and comet astrophysics have received recognition abroad as well. Much has been achieved in the study of edge drives. The Institute of Seismology is developing methods for constructing buildings that can withstand strong earthquakes.
The White House in Dushanbe The oldest theater in Tajikistan operates in Dushanbe: Opera and Ballet Theater named after S. Aini, Theater drama named after A. Lahuti, Theater Drama.
Museums of the city are interesting. A new building in the style of oriental architecture was erected on the Aini Square - the Republican United Museum. Its exhibits tell about the nature of the republic, about the history of the Tajik people, about the development of the economy. It also introduces visitors to the art schools of Europe and Asia. There is a television center in the capital, the programs of which are watched not only in the city itself, but also in the cities, towns, villages of South Tajikistan. Dushanbe is growing and developing rapidly. Capital investments for the development of infrastructure, for the development of hotels, for the development of tourism and services are increasing every year.
Initially, the city was founded on the left-bank high and flat terrace of the Varzob River. Later, the boundaries of the city expanded significantly, mainly to the south and west (on the right bank). Dushanbe is basically a one-story city. Two-, four-story residential buildings, buildings of universities and various institutions are found on the main streets and less often on the outskirts. The architectural appearance of Dushanbe is characterized by the predominance of different styles. Preserved buildings erected in the 30s under the influence of constructivism. But there are more houses built in the post-war period and including national motifs: houses with columns, with oval or lancet arches, high reliefs, statues and other decorations.
The squares and parks of the capital of sunny Tajikistan are interesting. In the center of it is a large green square. It is especially beautiful in spring, when the bright rays of the southern sun shimmer like a rainbow in the smallest splashes of high fountains. Opposite the square rises the building of the Opera and Ballet Theater named after S. Aini, decorated with columns. The town square is also attractive. The landscapes of Dushanbe are beautiful.
The Dushanbinka River divides the city into eastern and western. On the northeast side, it is bordered by hills, once bare and boring, now trees and shrubs grow there. Behind the hills is the blue bulk of the Gissar Range with a dark gap that goes deep into the mountains of the Varzob Gorge.
The mountains create a kind of microclimate in Dushanbe. Light summer breezes blow over the city all the time. During the day they blow towards the mountains, and in the evenings and at night from the mountains. Therefore, even in July, when the soil heats up to 60-70 °, coolness sets in immediately after sunset. And the inhabitants do not suffer so from stuffiness. Dushanbe is beautiful not only with the magnificence of the surrounding mountains and lush gardens. It is beautiful, first of all, with straight wide streets that divide it into regular squares of quarters, framed by white acacia, maples, poplars, plane trees. These streets cannot even be called alleys, because the foliage intertwined over the asphalt turns many of them into a kind of tunnels that almost do not let in the hot sun rays. Numerous lawns delight with an abundance of flowers.
There are several parks in the city. Wonderful botanical garden. The zoo presents animals and birds from different continents of the globe. In the right-bank part, where there was a wasteland scorched by the sun, an artificial lake appeared with beaches, sports and boat stations, where the townspeople rest until late autumn.